LESSON 178 / 215·2 min readIntermediate

MCP

ReferenceReference guide
01 Understand02 Recall03 Prepare

Words made simple

A few useful meanings before you read the explanation.

MCP
A shared protocol for connecting AI applications to tools and resources. It does not replace permission checks or application security.
AI
Software techniques for tasks such as recognizing patterns, understanding language or generating content.
Token
A small piece of text processed by a model. It may be a whole word, part of a word, or punctuation.
More words from this lesson
Schema
A description of the fields and value types that data should contain. It helps check that an answer has the expected shape.
Tool calling
The model proposes using a named function and supplies its inputs. Application code checks permissions and runs the function.
Authentication
Checking who a user or service is, such as by verifying a login session.
Authorization
Checking what that identity is allowed to read or do. Being logged in does not grant access to every record.

Beginner — What problem does MCP solve?

  • It standardizes how AI applications connect to and discover external tools and context.
  • Multiple approved hosts can reuse the same server-side capability contracts rather than each building a custom integration.

Intermediate — MCP versus function calling?

  • Function calling lets a model propose a structured operation.
  • MCP provides an integration protocol for discovering/invoking capabilities.
  • The host can turn a model proposal into an MCP request that calls an existing REST service underneath.

Senior — How do you secure an MCP server?

  • I authenticate requests, verify token properties, authorize each tool and object, restrict downstream credentials/egress, validate schemas/results, review tool definitions, and audit actions.
  • Connection permission does not equal customer-record permission.

Scenario — A new discovered tool requests secret access. What happens?

  • The host should not automatically expose or execute it.
  • Tool descriptions are untrusted unless reviewed; allowlists and execution policy block capabilities outside the task.
  • I investigate the server/definition change and preserve an audit record.
PAUSE & RECALL

Can you explain it without the notes?

MCP

Use your own words. Explain an example and one limitation before checking the explanation.

Check your explanation

Beginner — What problem does MCP solve?

CONNECT IT TO YOUR INTERVIEW

Turn this concept into a clear answer.

Practice this concept
YOUR NEXT STEP

Keep connecting the ideas.

Next lesson: Microsoft Agent Framework

Adapted from 13_AI.MD · “29.9 MCP”. Examples are study fragments; framework behavior can depend on your version.